Situational and Procedural Factors Essay Example for Free

Situational and Procedural Factors Essay The Local 190 members are the long time workers at the Deloitte plant of ABC. They have been in a long-term relationship with ABC Company and believed to continue and prosper for a more extended period of time. The Local 190 bargaining team (representing 1700 members, all working at the Deloitte plant of ABC) should consider preserving this long-term relationship between ABC Company and members of Local 190 particularly when planning strategies for negotiation with the ABC management team over new clauses or changes in the work agreement. The following must be considered in the negotiation table when the parties have a long-term relationship: i. Representatives should refrain from using unnecessary tactics that will hurt the labor and management relations in the future. ii. Representatives should not only settle for good relationships. They must also try to make trade-offs. Based on the fair agreement reached by Local 190 and ABC management during the previous negotiation, we predict that the ABC representative will act fairly in the upcoming negotiation. There have been evidence of trust and fairness on the side of the ABC management team but we are also aware that bargaining for a new contract could become tougher like never before. Time Pressure Since the time given for negotiation is not sufficient (2 hours) to tackle all four issues in detail, team members need to familiarize themselves with these issues. We have assigned time limits for each of the following four issues: ? Introduction (10 min) ? Location of the new plant (30 min) ? Transfer of workers to the new plant (30 min) ? Operation of the new plant (20min) ? Conclusion (10min ) Team vs. Solos: This negotiation involves a three-person union bargaining team and a three-person ABC management team whose goal is to resolve multiple issues regarding the work contract. Union representatives will negotiate as a team against ABC management. The following are the detailed plans for the negotiation team: ? Leader: Since there is no chairperson to control over the group process, we will have one member lead our team to facilitate the bargaining process. Our team leader’s roles are the following: ? Introduce members of the team ? Introduce the group’s issues, interests, etc. ? Make sure all voices of the team members are heard during the negotiation. ? Summarize what has been negotiated and the plan of actions. ? Suggest private time for discussions within the team when two members are in disagreement or in conflict. On the bargaining table, all three of the Local 190 team members will take an active role in the discussion. Each of the team members should have a sufficient knowledge about the four issues on the work contract. While encouraging all three members to participate in the discussion, each member should have one issue to focus on to prevent the common knowledge effect. Each member should have specialized information in at least one issue in the following: ? Location of the new plant (Emi, Pavel, Choi) Since this is top concern for members of Local 190, all three members will actively make arguments that the plant stays in Deloitte. ? Transfer of workers into the new plant: (Emi) Emi will dispute that if the relocation of the new plant is unavoidable, all current workers must be guaranteed with jobs at the new facility and help them with the transportation cost in the new location. ? Operation of the new plant: (Pavel) Pavevl will take role in eliciting an agreement on â€Å"Continued high level of worker autonomy with a strong group incentive program based on reasonable team targets†. ? Wages and benefits: (Choi) Choi’s role is to ensure that ABC management would pay the â€Å"increased wages and benefits which are better than ABC’s unionized competitor† to members of Local 190. Cultural Differences: Without proper understanding on the opponent’s situation, position, interests, and culture, it is unlikely to produce good quality outputs from negotiating with the opponent. Before, ABC Deloitte has always been fair and reasonable in contract negotiations before. However, due to the emergence of growing non-union competitors, ABC had created a wall between workers and the ABC management team. As a result, workers focused on wages and benefits while the management team focused on how to make more profit and at the same time reducing wage costs. This situation showed how the interests of the two parties have become inconsistent. The following demonstrated the cultural differences of the Local 190 and the ABC management team: Things that members of Local 190 consider ? Most of union members are satisfied with the high standard of living in Deloitte because they earn adequate wages and receive bonuses they through working at the ABC plant. ? There will be no work opportunities in Deloitte if the ABC plant moves to a new location. ? Compare ABC’s unionized competitors when demanding changes in the workers’ contract ? Receiving reasonable compensation as reasonable. Things that ABC management team consider ? Non-union competitors cut labor costs, production costs which threaten to get rid of union in ABC’s plants to remain competitive ? Inability to compete with non-unionized competitor if the ABC plant stays in Deloitte. ? Compare the union workers’ contract with those non-unionized competitors when changes are deemed necessary to keep ABC competitive in market. ? Strive to generate more profit as much as possible. Factors favorable to Local 190 ? The charter of the ABC Company states that the headquarter office must remain in Deloitte: Since ABC’s major facility is located at the ABC’s headquarter in Deloitte, the team management’s decision of relocating its major plant outside of Deloitte is a violation of the charter. ? The charter of Adam Baxter foundation: ABF owns 40% of ABC’s stock and its charter ensures that the control of the foundation and the corporation will always stay with residents of Deloitte.

In Favor of Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Problem: A person should be able to drink legally at the age of eighteen. The law that states that it is legal for a person to drink at the age of twenty-one should be changed so that an eighteen-year-old would be allowed to drink alcohol legally. At 18, you are now an adult and you are expected to act that way. Legally you can vote, get married, buy a lottery ticket, serve in the military and be tried as an adult in the United States court system. These are very important responsibilities that are yours to take care of when you become an adult. â€Å"Good grief†¦let them [also] take the responsibility for the consumption of an adult beverage† (Conway 2000). Solutions: In order to lower the drinking age from 21 to 18, I would: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find laws in other states and countries as examples. We should look to the European countries as an example to solve our problems in the United States. â€Å"The Europeans teach their children to respect [alcohol] from an early age† (Conway 2000). Theses countries do not have the minimum age of consumption at 21 and this has been proven to make a difference. There is less underage drinking because drinking is part of their culture and lifestyle. It starts in the household with their family and they are taught to drink smart and socially. Social drinking is acceptable; it is a time to have fun while still being in control. New Zealand changed their legal age to 18 in 1989. The slogan â€Å"You’re not just a teen when you’re 18† shows that the New Zealand government is taking the change very seriously and so should the men and women that are of the legal age. Maybe the United States should look around the world to try and solve our own problems. â€Å"Isn’t it ironic that the United States has the highest minimum drinking age and for some strange reason the largest problem with underage consumption† (Toomey & Rosenfeld, 1996)? This statement in itself should be one very good point when considering the change of the legal age to 18. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol Consumption among minors:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some might look at this report and argue that at least the amount of alcohol consumption is decreasing among young people since the drinking age has been increased, but what most don’t know is that this has actually been occurring since about 1980. This was long before the states were required to raise the drinking age.

Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone

Can you remember a time when it did not cost over $5. 00 for a â€Å"Value† meal at any fast food chain, or when gas was under $2. 00? It’s hard to remember, isn’t it? The reason for the raise in price of the products you and I purchase on a weekly basis all has to do with the continuing raise of minimum wage. Donald R. Deere says â€Å"There are two ways to think about the minimum wage. The first – but misleading – is how much workers are going to get paid. The second – and correct – is how much people must be able to earn if they are going to get or keep a job. So the minimum wage, which is sometimes characterized as a â€Å"hand up, not a handout† is neither – it is a hurdle that trips up the least skilled. † The continuing demand of more money for less work has forced the United States to raise the minimum wage innumerable times in the last century, Which results in higher prices for the rest of us. Another raise in the minimum wage would, as all the others before it, raise prices for consumers, which would again result in another demand for a raise in the minimum wage. it’s a viscous cycle that must be stopped before it loses control. Not only does a raise in minimum wage result in a raise in the cost of living, it also causes the dismissal of hardworking people who are happy with their current income. When the firing axe starts to fall, seniority often determines who goes and who stays. The more a single employee costs a business an hour, the fewer employees the business can afford to employee an hour. This results in the dismissal of employees to compensate for a raise in labor costs, which creates a smaller staff, which results in slipshod service. Although most reasonable people would rather pay more for better service, the plain fact of the matter is that the service hasn’t really gotten any better. The service is better that it was when there weren’t enough employees so people assume the service itself has gotten better, while the truth is that the service is just as haphazard as before. The laborers are simply replaced because of a need for more employees, more often that not by people who have never worked in those positions before. By having a staff that is constantly fluctuating, the business hurts itself, the service is hurt because the new employees are in need of training, and in the end it is us, the consumers, who feel the real pain. The pain we experience is that of rising costs in the market its that sharp pain we feel every time we reach for our wallet, but it is in no way as painful as the fact that we give bonuses for no reason in the form of raises in the minimum wage. The argument that minimum wage should be raised says people need more money to make a living in a world of ever rising costs. The truth is that they, the people who demand more money, are the ones raising the cost of living. Some would say that the high cost of living is brought about by the devaluation of the dollar and the effects of inflation. Truth be told, inflation is also caused by the flooding of the market with bills printed to pay the high costs of laborers in the market. Laborers who are comprised primarily of teens and the elderly, both of which usually have an alternate for of income either in the for of parents or social security. I offer an alternative to the minimum wage. If people would respect their money and understand the value of the dollar then they would have to learn skills that would promote them in the job Market. The minimum wage could be kept for the handicapped and the disabled, people who for the most part aren’t able to advance themselves in the working world. The most positive thing about the current minimum wage is that it is substantial enough to make teens respect their money, but also low enough to force them to save. George Santayana Once said â€Å"Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them†. The argument over the minimum wage makes it abhorrently obvious that this statement is true. The time of action is now, before we are forced to start this cycle again.

Research design - Methodology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2848 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER 3 Methodology This chapter aims to describe the research methodologies used to collect the data which will apply in this study. The discussion of methodology was structured as follows: research design, data collection methods, sampling design, data analysis method and mostly important is model description. According to Hair, Bush and Ortinau (2006), the research design serves as a master plan of the methods to use to collect and analyze the data. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research design Methodology" essay for you Create order By evaluating and choosing the correct research design, it will enable the researchers to develop relevant research methodologies. In this chapter, the details of models will be discussed on how it will help researchers in answering the research questions on how total loan, loan tenure, education of borrowers, borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age, business experience, type of business, technical training, business course, marital status and gender influence the impacts of microfinance on household income, individual income and business income offered by government agencies and commercial banks. This study utilized surveys intended to assess the relationship between the effects of microfinance facilities that provided by government agencies and commercial banks with income of household, individual and business in Malaysia. 3.1 Research Design A research can be differentiated in terms of approach, either by using quantitative or qualitative approach (Neuman, 2006). Deriving accurate information is highly dependent upon the survey method. The direct face-to face interview is the most commonly used approach (Ogunlade and Adebayo, 2009) and is employed in this study. The research aims to provide an understanding of what is the different between government and non-government institution on the impacts of microfinance taking place on household income, individual income, and business income was affected by constructs like total loan, loan tenure, education of borrowers, borrowersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ age, business experience, type of business, technical training, business course, marital status and gender. In addition, the descriptive and causal research design was applied in this research and work as the main research design. Meanwhile, causal study method was being used to examine the relationships between income of household, individual and business toward the total loan, loan tenure, education of borrowers, borrowers age, business age, type of business, technical training, business course, marital status and gender in microfinance activities. According to Zikmund (2003) descriptive research is use to describe the characteristics of population or phenomenon meanwhile causal research is conducted to identify cause-effect link between variables when the research problem has already been defined. 3.2 Data Collection Method Data collection is the systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose. A research can be started by selecting quantitative or qualitative approach (Neuman, 2006). This study uses one types of data collection method which is primary data. Due to the money and time constrain, this study was choosing the survey questionnaire as the primary data source. 3.2.1 Primary Data Primary data consist of information collected for the specific purpose at hand (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong 2004, p.219). Primary data collection will be adopted in this research and the main source of primary data collection in this study is obtained from survey questionnaire because survey questionnaire is convenience, cost saving and time saving. In this research, 123 sets of questionnaire were distributed to residents in Klang Valley. It is important to have a clear and well structure of questionnaire to let all the respondents to answer it easily in the shorter time. Although primary data are more expensive compare with secondary data, it can provide the latest information about the opinions from the current respondents. 3.3 Sampling Design The purpose of this research as stated as in the earlier chapter is to evaluate impacts of microfinance that provided by government and non-government institution toward household income, individual income, and business income in Klang Valley. The determinants (independent variables) include total loan, loan tenure, education of borrowers, borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age, business age, type of business, technical training and business course. Hair, Bush Ortinau (2006) defines independent variables as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an attribute or elements of an object, idea or event whose measurement scales values are directly manipulate by the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In this research, dependent variables are including household income, individual income and business income. Hair et al. (2006) defines dependent variables as a singular attribute or element that is the measured outcome or effect change on specific test subjects that is derived from manipulating the independent variables. 3.3.1 Target Population Since, it is difficult to conduct a survey on the whole Malaysia population due to limited resources such as cost and time. As a result, this research will select a specific area which is Klang Valley respondents in the population to draw conclusion about the entire population of Malaysian. The main population for this research is the residents in Klang Valley who have receiving the microfinance facilities from government and non-government institution. The eligible respondents for this research will be adults who are 18 years old and above that getting microloan to run his or her business. The reasons for choosing this area of target population are due to the numbers of entrepreneur who getting microfinance are the highest among other cities in Malaysia. This will directly save the cost and time in order to get the greater accurate results and high speed of data collection. Meanwhile, this studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s respondents came from one of the cities in Malaysia, namely, Klang Valley and the surveys were conducted from 3th April to 8th May 2015. 3.3.2 Sampling Elements The respondents that will take part in this research study will be restricted to the current residents of Klang Valley who have getting microfinance facilities for business purpose at least one time from any financial institution. The microfinance facilities are including micro-credit and others. Sampling location for this study is Klang Valley. Residents of Klang Valley which have participated in microfinance facilities at least once are identified as the prospective respondents as they have ability to evaluate the impacts of microfinance on household income, individual income and business income. Respondents were randomly selected to ensure the accuracy of this study. All the respondents were required to answer the questionnaire on the spot. 3.3.3 Sampling Techniques There are two types of sampling techniques which are probability sampling and non probability sampling (Churchill, Jr. and Iacoucci, 2005). The samples selected of this study are based on the non-probability sampling. In this study, judgment sampling is selected as main sampling procedure which based on research objective. The researcher believes that the respondents represent the population of interest (Malhotra and Peterson, 2006). 3.3.4 Sample Size Roscoe (1975) proposed the rules of thumb for determine the sample size where it is more than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for the most research. This study has gathered 123 potential respondents who getting loan from any finance institution as the target respondents in this study. In 123 respondents, there are 58 respondents who getting microfinance facilities from government agency; while 65 respondents are getting credit from non-government institution. 3.4 Data Analysis Method According to Cooper and Schindler (2006), data analysis is defined as the process of editing and reducing accumulated data to a size that is manageable, easy to look for patterns in, developing summaries and applying statistical techniques. Several analyses of the data have been carried out in the core of this study. Simple descriptive statistics such as sums, means, ranges, percentages and frequency distributions are were used to analysis primary data for this study. This study utilized the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to analyses the data. This study also conducted 3 multiple regression analysis for determining impacts of microfinance on 3 models such as household income, individual income and business income from all respondents, 58 respondents who getting microfinance facilities from government agency; and 65 respondents who getting credit from non-government institution. Hence, there will have three different analyses result that based on three dataset in orde r to reach to the research objective. 3.4.1 Descriptive Analysis According to Burns and Bush (2003, p. 433), descriptive analysis is used to summarize and describe the sample characteristic of the typical respondent and disclosing the general pattern of response. Parametric statistic such as measures of mean, standard deviation and variance will be used to describe the key features of the interval data. 3.4.2 Multiple Regression Analysis Multiple regression analysis is used to gain a better understanding about the relationship between several independent variables and a dependent variable. This technique is applicable in this study because the dependent variables in 3 model (household income, individual income and business income) and independent variable (total loan, loan tenure, education of borrowers, borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age, business age, type of business, technical training and business course) are measure using the same scale. The weight of data is measured by the beta value is the indication to measure. 3.5 Model Description For the analysis of this paper, we suggest that each dependent variable are consist 1 model to evaluate the impacts of microfinance. Hence, the analysis is consisting 3 models where each model (household income, individual income and business income) is accounts for the expected effects of microfinance. 3.5.1 Impacts of Microfinance on Household Income Model In this model, household income is representing the dependent variables. Household income of a respondent was measured in terms of his or her total monthly earning from business activities in which respondent was involved. This dependent variable was measured by taking into consideration all the existing family membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (such as respondent, husband, son, daughter, father, mother) income of the respondent households. While, in this model there are 7 independent variables which are total loan, household size, business experience, loan tenure, technical training, borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age and individual income. All independent variables will be further explained below. In brief, the model of impacts of microfinance on household income can be concluded as: Household Income = Total loan + Household size + Business Experience + Loan Tenure + Technical Training + Borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Age + Individual Income 3.5.2 Impacts of Microfinance on Individual Income Model The model is measuring the impact of microfinance toward individual income, thus individual income was taken as the dependent variables in this model. Monthly individual income of a respondent was measured by his or her total monthly earning from business activities in which respondent was involved. The main different between household income and individual income is this variable was measured by respondents earning only and not taking into consideration all the existing family membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (such as respondent, husband, son, daughter, father, mother) income of the respondent households. In this model there are 8 independent variables which are total loan, business income, loan tenure (monthly), education level, business experience, technical training, business course, marital status, gender and borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s age. In addition, all independent variables will be further explained below. In summary, the model of impacts of microfinance on individual income ca n be concluded as: Individual Income = Total loan + Loan tenure (monthly) + Education Level + Business Experience + Technical Training+ Business Course + Marital Status + Gender + Borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Age 3.5.3 Impacts of Microfinance on Business Income Model Business income is representing the dependent variables in this model in order to measure the impacts of microfinance. This variable was measured by taking into thesum of allmoney received by business, includingincome from revenue fromsales. It is measured by how much profit and money earned by respondents monthly. In this model there are 7 independent variables which are total loan, loan tenure (monthly), education level, business age, type of business, technical training and business course. All independent variables will be further explained below. In brief, the model of impacts of microfinance on business income can be concluded as: Business income = Total loan +Loan tenure (monthly) +Education Level + Business Experience + Type of Business + Technical Training+ Business Course 3.5.4 Independent Variables Description For the analysis of this paper, we suggest that there are several independent variables that used in multiple regressions. The independent variables in this research consist of total loan, loan tenure (monthly), education level, borrower age, business experience, type of business, technical training, business course, marital status and gender. All variables are accounts for the expected effects of microfinance. The independent variables are representing the causes that influenced the dependent variables and tested to see whether there are the causes. 3.5.4.1 Total Amount of Loan The most influential independent variables in this research refer to the total amount loan. This variable are mostly influenced the result of analysis is due to it have a very strong figure in R-square. Furthermore, total amount of loan is the main independent variables that used to test on the effect of microfinance toward household income, individual income and household income. Consequently, others independent variables are consider as control variables. Additionally, this variable is defined as amount of loan received by the SMEs from any microfinance institution such as AIM, TEKUN, MARA, Bank Simpanan Nasional, SME Bank, Bank Rakyat and other institutions. It is measured by how much respondents received in term of ringgit Malaysia. 3.5.4.2 Loan Tenure In order to support the main independent variables, loan tenure considers as another useful control variables in determining the effects of microfinance. Loan tenure was measured in term of how many months that a microfinance institution offered to respondents. Thus, this variable was calculated in term of months rather than years. 3.5.4.3 Education Level Refer back to the research, the education level of respondents was taken care and consider as an independent variables. Education variable was measured in terms of formal education acquired by the respondents. In this research, researcher was assigned respondents into two categories which are tertiary and non-tertiary. For example, if the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education level was above certificate, diploma or bachelor, they are fall into tertiary group. On the other hand, if the respondents are having an education level under certificate, diploma and bachelor, they are fall into non-tertiary group. In this study, non-tertiary group is recode as 1, while tertiary group as coded as dummy value. 3.5.4.4 Business Experience Business experience are believed to have a slightly impact on the effect of microfinance, therefore it represent one of the independent variables. In this analysis, business age refer to experience of a respondents has been in the business. In this variables, we are calculated the experience of respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business into the monthly. 3.5.4.5 Type of Business Different type of business are expecting to influence the analysis, hence it is stand for another independent variables. In this research, types of business are grouping into two groups such as retail and non retail. Besides, there is a dummy value for no retail business, while retail will be recoded as 1 in this study. 3.5.4.6 Technical Training Technical training refer to the training progamme that prepaid by microfinance institution to some of the business requirement. For example, AIM provides an technical training to an entrepreneur who wish to open a tailor shop. In this section, respondents was been question whether they have been send for a technical training or not. They are giving two option which are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ showing they went for a technical training or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ showing that they never go for a technical training. In order to run the multiple regressions, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will be recode as 1, while à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ recoded as 0. 3.5.4.7 Business Course Business course refer to the management progamme that offered by the microfinance institution. Business course are considering having small impact on the dependent variables. Thus, it is treated as independent variables in this analysis. Business course was measured in term of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are presenting the respondents attended business course that provide by microfinance institution, while No presenting the respondents attended business course. Besides, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is recoded as 1 and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is recoded as 0 in the analysis. 3.5.4.8 Household Size The size of household is used to measure the impacts of microfinance on household income. This variable was measured by taking into thesum of allexisting family membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ such as respondent, husband or wife, son, daughter, father, and mother. Besides, it is measured in term of unit such as 1, 2, and others. 3.5.4.9 Marital Status The marital status is used to measure the impacts of microfinance on individual income. This variable was measured by categorized respondents into two groups which are married and single. In order to have an easier comparison between two groups, married was recorded as 1 and single was recorded as 0. 3.5.4.10 Gender Refer back to the research, gender consider as another influential factors. Therefore, gender of respondents is taken under independent variables to test on individual income model. In addition, in this research male was recorded as 1 while female is recorded as 0. 3.5.4.11 Age Age of borrowers is measured in years. Borrowers age is included in the independent variables of household income and individual income. According to Su and Heshmati (2013), age of borrowers is one of factors to determine the level of household income and individual income. 3.6 Hypothesis Development In summary, three hypotheses can be specified as follows: H1: Microfinance has impact toward individual income. H2: Microfinance has impact toward household income. H3: Microfinance has impact toward business income. 3.7 Conclusion Chapter 3 mainly discussed the types of research methodologies used to conduct the research study. Quantitative research is used in order to collect numerical and measurable data. Questionnaire will be conducted as to collect the primary data. Hypothesis regarding the effect of the various independent constructs were tested through analysis of survey data obtained from eligible SMEs respondents. Appropriate data analysis strategies were carried out to ensure accuracy of information gathering and analysis process. This study will include descriptive analysis, multicollinearity test and multiple regression analysis.